When you're thinking about studying music in college, it can feel like you’re learning a whole new language. Should you go to a "conservatory" or a "school of music"? And what about places called "institutes" or "colleges of music"? Understanding the differences can help you choose the best path for your future.

What is a Conservatory?

A music conservatory is a specialized school focused almost entirely on training professional performers. Students spend most of their time on lessons, practice, rehearsals, and performances. Conservatories usually focus heavily on classical music, and admission is very competitive, requiring a live audition. Conservatories are often smaller and more selective, meaning classes are more intimate and the focus is laser-sharp on artistic development.

What is a School of Music?

A school of music is typically part of a larger university and offers a broader range of degree programs. In addition to performance, students can study music education, music technology, music history, and more. Because they're part of a university, students often have access to a wide variety of resources and even the ability to double major.

Cost and Financial Aid: What You Need to Know

When comparing conservatories and schools of music, cost and financial aid are important factors to consider.
Conservatories are often private and highly specialized, which can mean higher tuition. Some conservatories, like the Curtis Institute of Music, cover full tuition for every student, but many offer scholarships based on talent and financial need.
Schools of Music, especially those at public universities, may offer lower tuition, particularly for in-state students. They often provide a wider range of scholarships and financial aid packages.

FAFSA and Financial Aid:
Most conservatories and schools of music accept FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid), allowing students to apply for federal grants, loans, and work-study programs. Always check each school’s financial aid policies, as smaller private conservatories may have different funding structures.
Quick Tip: Compare not just the tuition price, but the net cost — the amount you’ll actually pay after scholarships and financial aid are applied.

What About Institutes and Colleges of Music?

Not every top music school is called a "conservatory" or a "school of music." Some schools use terms like "institute" or "college of music."
The Curtis Institute of Music operates like a conservatory: small, selective, and focused on performance.
The Peabody Institute is part of Johns Hopkins University, combining strong performance training with university resources.
Westminster Choir College and the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music (CCM) offer conservatory-level training but are tied to larger universities.
Don’t get caught up in the name. It's more important to research how the program is structured, what degrees are offered, and what kind of musical training you’ll receive.

A Brief History

Conservatories date back to 16th-century Italy, where they were originally founded to train singers and instrumentalists, mostly for church music. Over time, conservatories spread across Europe and came to the U.S. in the 19th century.
Schools of music have a different history, with roots in the Middle Ages when education for choirs and church musicians first took shape. Today, schools of music offer degrees in a wide range of musical styles, from jazz to pop to classical.

Do You Need a Professional Instrument to Attend?

One common question students ask is whether they need a professional-level instrument to attend a conservatory or school of music.
The short answer: No, but it helps.
For auditions, most schools do not require you to own a specific brand or model of instrument. What matters most is how you sound and how well you play.
However, conservatories expect a high level of performance, and many admitted students arrive with advanced or professional-grade instruments.
Schools of Music may have more flexibility, especially at the undergraduate level. Some students start with intermediate instruments and upgrade later.
Many institutions also offer:
• Instrument loans: Access to high-quality instruments for top-performing students.
• Upgrade grants or scholarships: Financial help to purchase a better instrument once you are enrolled.
Quick Tip: Focus on preparing the best audition possible with the instrument you have. After acceptance, talk with your applied teacher about whether and when an upgrade might help your progress.

How to Choose What’s Right for You

If you dream of being a professional performer and want intense, focused training, a conservatory might be the right choice. If you want more options, such as studying music education, music technology, or even double majoring in another subject, a school of music might be a better fit.
Quick Tip: Visit campuses, talk to current students, and carefully review each school’s programs and audition requirements.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right music school is a big decision, but it’s also an exciting first step toward your future. Whether you choose a conservatory, a school of music, an institute, or a college, what matters most is finding a place where you can grow — not just as a musician, but as a person.
Remember: there is no one-size-fits-all path to a successful music career. Some students thrive in a focused conservatory environment; others find their voice through the broader experiences at a school of music. What matters is your passion, your dedication, and your willingness to keep learning and growing.
Your journey in music is yours to create. With the right foundation, hard work, and a heart for the art, you can turn your dreams into reality — one note, one performance, one opportunity at a time.